By climate extremes, we mean all extremes of the climate system occurring on all timescales from weather timescales (days to weeks) to climate timescales. For instance:
- extreme rainfall, extreme snowfall, heat waves, cold spells, windstorms, severe thunderstorms, hailstorms, tornadoes, tropical cyclones;
- droughts, wildfires;
- floods, landslides, avalanches, extreme snow depths, cryospheric extremes (e.g., rockfall and glacial falls due to permafrost melting).
